Highly reactive and can auto-polymerize as a result of internal peroxide accumulation. �*���ר���:Y��m�����+0�/J�[��)�)��x�D ���h�V�)I�m����礼9���1���,}�Oi��$������Zɵ�'|�(}`6��к�����XF)�^C�y�>N����,v�4"��q9E�>St���1�U⺜^E�O1l�"Zz�f=��Ѽ �Q�U�a��������h �X$Qz�`;k�.ct\Ei2d�4&����,��DJz=�0x�3����z��ɪ��{���В�. Once peroxides have formed, they can detonate when combined with other compounds or when disturbed by unusual heat, mechanical shock, impact or friction. Class A Peroxide-Forming Chemicals. Bold chemicals constitute the UC Class 3 Settlement Agreement list. Peroxide Forming Chemicals. ©2021 Regents of the University of California. Compounds containing benzylic hydrogens 3. Category 1: compounds forming peroxides that can spontaneously decompose during storage. If a peroxide-forming chemical or container is of unknown age or history, if crystals or solid masses are visibly present on or in the container or lid, or if the chemical shows discoloration, Appendix I Peroxide Management UCCS.Appendix I Peroxide Management Page 2 of 5 string-like formations, or liquid stratification, do not open the container. h��W�n�6�>&(,�D�*�$�5�l�8��Bk+�PY2$����;C]|��:tQ4)r8��r #R)•��#Rh�5Q�Cm�� Refer to Appendix A for a list of typical peroxide formers found at WCM and guidance on safe storage and testing frequency. Peroxide Peroxide sind chemische Verbindungen, die das Peroxid-Ion O22- oder eine Peroxigruppe -O-O- enthalten. Ideally, purchases of peroxidizable chemicals should be restricted to ensure that these chemicals are used up completely before peroxides can form. Peroxide formation can be initiated by exposure to air, self-polymerization, or solvent impurities. List A: Chemicals that form explosive levels of peroxides without concentration (3 months)1 Butadiene2 (106-99-0) Isopropyl Ether ... these chemicals may autopolymerize as a result of peroxide accumulation. Acrylic acid. Peroxide-forming chemicals (PFs) are chemicals that can “auto-oxidize” with atmospheric oxygen under ambient conditions to form organic peroxides (contains an -O–O- bond). This reaction is often facilitated by light. Common chemicals are listed below. Peroxide Forming ChemicalsPeroxide-forming chemicals (PFCs) are chemicals that can “auto-oxidize” with atmospheric oxygen under ambient conditions to form organic peroxides (contains an -O–O- bond). Bold chemicals constitute the UC Class 1 Settlement Agreement list. h�bbd```b``z"k�� ��D���H�G`vX� XMX� �| &u@d� �xY���d�`��=@��M�^M ��Hh�#�30ny` h Some peroxide-forming chemicals produce solutions that appear cloudy. Interestingly, peroxides can form prior to the stipulated expiration or shelf-life of the co… 3. All Rights Reserved. All laboratory workers must learn to recognize and safely handle peroxidizab… Ethers are the most commonly used peroxide formers at WCM such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, isopropyl ether. Chemicals such as diisopropyl ether, divinyl acetylene, sodium amide, and vinylidene chloride should be discarded after three months Store all peroxide-forming materials away from heat, sunlight, and sources of ignition. This reaction of molecular oxygen and peroxidizable compounds is formed by a process called autoxidation or peroxidation. that have the ability to form shock-sensitive explosive peroxide crystals. Ethers and acetals with an Α-hydrogen, especially cyclic ethers and those containing primary and secondary alkyl groups 2. Formation of peroxides is accelerated by light and heat. Peroxide-forming chemicals are a class of compounds . List C chemicals should be tested for peroxide formation or discard liquids aftter 6 months; and gases after 1 year. Highly reactive and can auto-polymerize as a result of internal peroxide accumulation. Many of the organic solvents commonly used in laboratories have the potential to form explosive peroxide crystals. Page 1 of 7 Revised 06/26/2018 Reviewed 07/28/2020 Standard Operating Procedure Peroxide-Forming Chemicals (PFCs) Purpose The purpose of this SOP is to guide Principal Investigators (PIs)/Chemical Owners and laboratory Add 0.5–1.0 g of granulated zinc (Zn), followed by 5 g of sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN). Sunlight accelerates the formation of peroxides. The peroxide formation varies depending on the molecular structure of the chemical. For more information on peroxide forming compounds, click here: http://info.triumvirate.com/5-steps-to-managing-peroxide-forming-compounds Information on the hazards of peroxides and peroxide forming chemicals is scattered in the literature. Form explosive peroxides when distilled, evaporated or otherwise concentrated. This list is provided as a guide of peroxide-forming chemicals commonly found in labs and is not a comprehensive list. Spontaneously decompose and become explosive with exposure to air without concentration. Diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are two of the more common peroxide- forming chemicals used today. Some organic and inorganic compounds are capable of reacting with atmospheric oxygen to form potentially explosive peroxides. Formation of peroxides is accelerated in opened and partially emptied containers. 380 0 obj <>stream This requires careful experiment planning on behalf of researchers. 353 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9C53E4B7E23564489BFF4DBAB9226414><612DA7B4AAB341458DCDBD8F54B50933>]/Index[333 48]/Info 332 0 R/Length 105/Prev 385866/Root 334 0 R/Size 381/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream In contrast to oxide ions, the oxygen atoms in the peroxide ion have an oxidation number of −1. Diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran are two of the more common peroxide-forming chemicals used today. `��P�v �/�xL;� May form peroxides but cannot be clearly categorized in Class A, B, or C. Last modified: April 9, 2019 128.114.113.74, UC Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, Ca 95064. Peroxide Formation. Once a chemical becomes peroxidized, the peroxides may explode when concentrated, or with impact, heat, or friction. List C – autopolymerize as a result of peroxide accumulation Acrylic Acid Acrylonitrile Butadiene: Chloroprene Chlorotrifluoroethylene: Methyl Methacrylate: Styrene Tetrafluorethylene: Vinyl Acetate: Vinylacetylene Vinyl Chloride Vinylpyridine: Vinyladiene Chloride List D – do not fall into the above categories, but require special handling nonetheless. This SOP is not a … Acetal Acetaldehyde Benzyl alcohol Isopropyl ether Cyclohexanol j�(�'�cDkjN�`0� ¥�6\���"���#Bp4�D�m Therefore, it is extremely important that this procedure be followed regarding the identification, handling, storage, and disposal of peroxide-forming chemicals. Many chemicals can undergo autooxidation to form explosive peroxides (see lists below). Visual inspection is the safest way to determine peroxide formation. Oxygen is required for inhibitor to function. Storage times are based on time after opening the container. Peroxide-forming compounds can be divided into three hazard categories. Methyl methacrylate. If chemical from List C is inhibited, do not store under an inert atmosphere. Classes of Peroxide-Forming Chemicals. These chemicals can form explosive levels of peroxides while sitting on the shelf. A comprehensive three- volume series on the chemistry of organic peroxides includes a chapter that addresses safety issues associated with these materials (26). All peroxide forming chemicals, which are to be distilled, must be tested prior to distillation regardless of age. Researchers should purchase no more material than is needed to complete an experiment within the chemical's safe shelf life. Peroxide forming chemicals (PFC) are chemicals which may react with oxygen to form peroxides. Sexual Violence Prevention & Response (Title IX), Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme). These compounds produce organic peroxides that are significantly less volatile than the solvent in which they are formed, as a result, evaporative concentration or distillation can produce dangerous levels of peroxides. Home / Laboratory Safety Manual / Specialty Chemicals / Classification List of Peroxide Forming Chemicals. Class B: Hazard Due to Peroxide Concentration. Use and Storage of Peroxide-Forming Solvents. Time-sensitive chemicals may include: Peroxide Formers: Oxygenated organic compounds that react with atmospheric oxygen to form explosive peroxides. In general, the y can be used for most laboratory work, including use as solvents which can be removed by distillation or rotary evaporation. Substances which have undergone peroxidation are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock and may explode violently. Examples commonly found in our labs include: sodium amide, diethyl ether, dioxane, THF, and benzyl alcohol. Potentially Unstable Chemical List . Many peroxide forming chemicals can be supplied with stabilisers which prevent the build-up of dangerous levels of peroxides. You should receive specific training and use a written standard operating procedure when using any potentially unstable chemical. 0 The most common peroxide is hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), colloquially known simply as "peroxide". Compounds containing allylic hydrogens, includ… https://ehs.stanford.edu/reference/information-peroxide-forming-compounds The solvents most commonly used in the laboratory solvents, such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexene, glycol ethers, decalin and 2-propanol are shown in Group B of the previous section. Peroxide-Forming Chemicals (PFCs) are chemicals that can “auto-oxidize” with atmospheric oxygen under ambient conditions to form organic peroxides (with an O–O bond). endstream endobj startxref Most of the data prior to 1952 were summarized in a German-language publication by Criegee (21). Chlorotrifluoroethylene (gas) Vinylacetylene (gas) Acrylonitrile. endstream endobj 334 0 obj <>/Metadata 15 0 R/Pages 331 0 R/StructTreeRoot 34 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 335 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 331 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 336 0 obj <>stream Contact … Once formed, organic peroxides are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock and It is also important to avoid the purchase of large volumes (e.g. Der Sauerstoff hat in diesen Verbindungen die In fact, most Group B solvents are sufficiently volatile that multiple openings of a single cont… Require external energy for spontaneous decomposition. Under normal laboratory conditions this reaction may result in an increasing concentration of peroxides in a chemical container and lead to the formation of potentially explosive peroxide crystals. �J�)5#�H �=0�`р�q �s�k��}���g�v� .���� ����L��1}xY�t0����H4Gĥ�� Reactive hydrogen atoms are most often found on the following compounds: 1. h�b``�b``j``a`tpeb@ !fV�8Gù� w@bj��]g`)�``���7�`�� FMA�$FV���'hi%0,b�Δ��p�7Wn�^�t�+;� �a � �xX� if��@���u��d`}�2�� ��" Peroxide formation can be initiated by exposure to air, self-polymerization, or solvent impurities. Peroxide-forming compounds contain a reactive hydrogen atom that is “activated” by adjacent structural components. Peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure R−O−O−R. List of Peroxide-Forming Chemicals. 333 0 obj <> endobj Most chemicals will have an expiration date on the chemical label based on the type of chemical. Peroxide Forming Chemicals (PFCs) Examples: Tetrahydrofuran, Diethyl ether, Isopropyl ether, Acetaldehyde, Styrene For more PFCs, see Appendix Areas with blue text indicate that information must be provided or modified by researcher prior to the SOP approval. %%EOF Common chemicals that form explosive levels of peroxides (this list is not inclusive) Class A: Peroxide Hazard on Storage – Without Concentration a. Butadiene c Vinylidene chloride Chloroprene d Tetrafluoroethylene Methacrylate Divinyl acetylene. Risk Management Services Doc #: UBC-RMS-OHS-SWP-17-003 Title: Working Safely with Peroxide Forming Compounds Page 3 of 8 Peroxide test strips Peroxide test strips detect inorganic and organic compounds that contain peroxides or hyperperoxides. 4. Ethers and many other chemicals, especially oxygen-containing chemicals, are prone to form peroxides while in storage. The solvents most commonly used in the laboratory solvents, such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexene, glycol ethers, decalin and 2-propanol are shown in Group B of the previous section. The O−O group in a peroxide is called the peroxide group or peroxo group. Peroxide-formers fall into three classes. Bold chemicals constitute the UC Class 2 Settlement Agreement list. Peroxides may detonate with extreme violence when concentrated by evaporation or distillation, when combined with other compounds, or when disturbed by unusual heat, shock or friction. Titanium (IV) oxysulfate test for peroxides. Peroxide formation is a spontaneous free-radical reaction that can be initiated by exposure to light, air, or impurities and via self-polymerization. %PDF-1.5 %���� Certain chemicals can form dangerous peroxides on exposure to air and light. PEROXIDE FORMING CHEMICALS Many commonly used organic solvents can react with oxygen in air (autooxidation) to form unstable peroxides, which may explode upon impact, heat or friction. When the transparent red colouring disappears, add 12 g or more of sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) and decant the solution from the unused zinc (Zn) into a clean bottle. The peroxides formed in these reactions are extremely shock- and heat-sensitive. The peroxides formed in these reactions are extremely shock- and heat-sensitive. Note: This list is not exhaustive. References Clark, Donald E., Peroxides and Peroxide Forming Compounds, 2000. Vinyladiene chloride. A reactive hydrogen atom that is “ activated ” by adjacent structural components number of.... Have undergone peroxidation are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock and may explode when concentrated, or impurities and self-polymerization! Purchase no more material than is needed to complete an experiment within the chemical alcohol ether. 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