In music theory, the key of a piece is the group of pitches, or scale, that forms the basis of a music composition in classical, Western art, and Western pop music.. Key matching matters because it makes the music sounds like it belongs together. When the end of a song goes unresolved it often has a comical effect. Definition of a Crescendo. A short piece of music, such as a song or dance, may demonstrate only a single key and is said to be in that key; longer pieces usually change key, even many times, but are organized and unified within a principal key that predominates at important points. This results in 15 different major key spellings. If the signature has sharps, identify the last sharp and raise it by a semitone (half step). Music which modulates to another tonal centre is still usually identified by the starting tonality. Objects can move away from Earth, but eventually come back down. It tends aurally to want the tonic chord to follow it. Or, you might find them used in heavy metal riffs. Define key signature. Our Camelot Easymix system makes navigating through keys as easy as counting up and down. A leering key, degenerating into grief and rapture. Here’s one way you can look at major music key signatures and know what keys they represent. Minor key definition is - a musical key or tonality in the minor mode. How to use minor key in a sentence. A song in a minor key is based on a minor scale. A notched and grooved, usually metal implement that is turned to open or close a … Learn more. Check out the chart below to look at the entire list! On music sheets, you will get the statement of the actual key in the notation system at the beginning of a written music piece. Or, you may find them in a simple pop song. To continue using the site, please review and accept the. Try Rossini's William Tell overture for size. The key of C-major uses a … Key signatures show the key in which the music has been written. Continuing the gravity analogy, music momentarily defies gravity, but then comes back down. That B-flat is a signal that the music is 'in the key of F major'. Circle Chord Progressions are progressions where the chords seem to naturally follow on from one another. Likewise, most songs use notes within a particular scale — a collection of notes in order from low to high.. Major scales The Circle Progressions. Both scales and keys refer to groups of tones and sometimes we can either say scale or key and mean the same thing. Key, in music, a system of functionally related chords deriving from the major and minor scales, with a central note, called the tonic (or keynote). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. keys 1. a. Minor key definition is - a musical key or tonality in the minor mode. Atonal. The dominant chord in a key is so called as it is a pushy sounding chord. The key or tonality might apply to just the opening bars of the music. Notes are written on a staff of five lines consisting of four spaces between them. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). If harmonic or melodic minor occurs, the F# and G# appear as incidentals.) The staffor stave forms the very basis of sheet music. Try Rossini's William Tell overture for size. The fact that he has changed keys in the middle of the song means he has to play in that key. Pitch may be definite, easily identifiable (as with the piano, where there is a key for each note), or indefinite, meaning pitch is difficult to discern (as … Now, we didn't come up with these feelings all by ourselves. n. pl. The outer ring has Major Chords, while the inner ring shows Minor Chords. You will hear the use of outside notes heavily in many jazz solos. Atonal. The expected departure to a nearly related key and the introduction of the soloist are reserved to a characteristically more elaborate repetition of the exposition. Most songs finish on the tonic of the key to make the song sound complete or finished. Although points of resolution occur all throughout a song, you will most noticeably hear it at the end of a song. Learn more. Similar to the root notes of chords, the root note of a scale is the note on which a scale is built. Not too fast or slow. When you play music, the music is constantly being pulled toward the tonic, or root of the key, wanting to come to a state of rest or completion. Aria (Italian: 'air'). Most music is in a particular key.If we say that a song is "in the key of C," this means that the pitch C sounds like the most stable “home note” (or tonic) for the song.. You can see symbols for flats or sharps near the clefs, this is the key signature. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Likewise, there are 12 minor scales and, therefore, 12 minor keys. The tonic is a key’s center. A German music theorist and composer John Mattheson laid it out in his writings way back in 1713, among many other related topics. D major: The key of triumph, of … The pitch of a voice or other sound. Define key. In written music, key signatures stand for a set of sharp of flat symbols placed on the stave. It’s a very natural sound to expect and it will sound strange when you don’t hear it. Key changes occur in musical pieces, which are indicated by a temporally key signature that turns up in the staff when the change happen. The key of patience, calmly waiting for fate, destiny, and the submission to providence and karma. Music psychologist Glen Schellenberg has shown that over the past decade people tended to prefer music in a minor key although there is no evidence that we are getting more miserable. Pick up a piano sonata by Mozart that is 'in F major'. These tones are arranged in scales, according to steps that dictate natural, sharp and flat notes contained within the scale. Well, really, key signatures are just a notational device. Still, there is a difference. For further explanations of these relationships, see also cadence … The relationships between keys are at the heart of the tonal system, and the listener’s ability to perceive different keys and the process of changing between them (called modulation) adds immeasurably to their significance in musical structure. off-key definition: 1. The most powerful music is music that is written in the key … Key definition, a small metal instrument specially cut to fit into a lock and move its bolt. A leering key, degenerating into grief and rapture. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Moving away from and back to the tonic resting point of the key is partly what makes music interesting and why it has a pleasing effect on us. Most people don't like the sound of atonal music. Therefore, if Bush's commercial were to use a minor key, usual associated with sad or melancholy feelings, the upbeat and enthusiastic mood the commercial tries to set would be undermined by the music. How to use minor key in a sentence. This master drum key isn’t exhaustive, meaning that we didn’t include every possible notation that you might encounter. For example, G Major and E Minor are relative keys because they both share a key signature of one sharp. The association of musical keys with specific emotional or qualitative characteristic was fairly common prior to the 20th century. Three of the major keys can be named 2 different ways – one way with sharp note names, and the other way with flat note names. Have a listen to the audio examples for each (again, each recording contains an example in a major key followed by an example in a minor key). What does key mean? Omissions? Keys can be symmetric or asymmetric. Off-key definition: When music is off-key , it is not in tune. A key signature has either sharps or flats, never both. It’s worth noting that … A composition, particularly an instrumental work, may be identified with a key designation; Beethoven’s Symphony No. The circle of fifths is an efficient way to visualize keys, key signatures, and relationships between keys. It cannot laugh, but it can smile; it cannot howl, but it can at least grimace its crying.--Consequently only unusual characters and feelings can be brought out in this key. Tools. They include the concepts of key, of functional harmony, and of modulation.…, … often remains in the tonic key while played by the entire orchestra the first time through. The broader term tonality is sometimes used loosely for key, e.g., “The first movement of Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony exhibits a strong C-minor tonality.”. All objects are constantly pulled toward Earth until they come to a state of rest on its surface. A song in a minor key is based on a minor scale. Learn more. sounds like the “home note”. We’ve included the most commonly used notations and symbols. Pitch may be definite, easily identifiable (as with the piano, where there is a key for each note), or indefinite, meaning pitch is difficult to discern (as with a percussion instrument, such as the cymbals). Every key signature has a corresponding major and minor key. An aria is a song, generally used to describe set-piece songs in Opera. When music has this centered sound to it, it is said to be tonal (pronounced TOE-nul), or possessing tonality. A key signature is the way that musicians know what scales and notes to play in a piece of music. D major: The key of triumph, of Hallejuahs, of war-cries, of victory-rejoicing. You will find the following 2 circle progressions really useful. The key signature comes between the clef and the time signature. The number of sharps or flats indicated in the key signature will tell the player what key the music is in. If outside notes are used improperly it’s possible to throw off a song’s tonality and create an unpleasant effect. For example, a song in the ‘key of D minor’ uses the notes of the D minor scale – D, E, F, G, A, Bb, and C. Any major scale or natural minor scale can serve as a key for a piece of music. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership. There are a couple of audio examples of the sense of tonality. But it does mean, for example, that C is more suitable to red energy music than say E flat or A. That means the fundamental notes making up the song’s melody, chords, and bassline are all derived from that group of notes. Key signatures are written adjacent to a clef placed at the beginning of a line of musical notation. If you look at the start of the music, you'll see that the 'key signature' consists of a single B-flat. In total, there are 24 keys and 30 ways to spell them. Most music is in a particular key.If we say that a song is "in the key of C," this means that the pitch C sounds like the most stable “home note” (or tonic) for the song.. key synonyms, key pronunciation, key translation, English dictionary definition of key. Editor. This means that one of the 12 notes (C, D flat, D, etc.) off-key definition: 1. When speaking of keys, the root note of the key is called the tonic (pronounced TAWN-ik). Your music will be analyzed with the world’s most loved key detection. How to use key in a sentence. A song in a major key is based on a major scale. They include the concepts of key, of functional harmony, and of modulation. Your music will be analyzed with the world’s most loved key detection. In music a key is the major or minor scale around which a piece of music revolves. There will be times when choosing one spelling over another is preferable. They are placed at the beginning of the stave. KS3 Music learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers organised by topic. As you listen to music, try to pay attention to these concepts of tonality and resolution. Key signature, in musical notation, the arrangement of sharp or flat signs on particular lines and spaces of a musical staff to indicate that the corresponding notes, in every octave, are to be consistently raised (by sharps) or lowered (by flats) from their natural pitches. A crescendo is a way for composers to indicate that a passage of music should gradually increase in loudness over time (opposite of a … key signature key signature for A major n. Music The group of sharps or flats placed to the right of the clef on a staff to identify the key. key signature definition: 1. the symbols at the beginning of a printed piece of music that show the sharps or flats to be…. ‘My music students have those same moments because they, too, have the answer key.’ ‘I have been trying to get my hands on that answer key for several years, and kept getting turned down.’ ‘Then, she tried the drawer of the desk that she knew the test answer key was hidden in.’ Definition of Key Signature: A key signature is a pattern of accidentals (sharps or flats) at the very beginning of a staff, which represents a song’s key. Andante (Italian: 'walking'). The concept of keys in music is important to understand. Music Dictionary. The key signature is a grouping of symbols (sharps [#] and flats [b]) that tell you to always play certain notes one semitone (half-step) higher or […] The principal tonality of a work: an etude in the key of E. 7. You will find a key at the front of the book. tonality definition: 1. a particular musical scale or key 2. a particular musical scale or key 3. a particular musical…. Meaning the music should be played cheerfully. Games. In musical notation, the key is indicated by the key signature, a group of sharp or flat signs at the beginning of each staff. Moreover, to meet a felt need for a more…, …unit moving from the home key to a different key, followed by an extended development that explores still more remote keys and the motivic and contrapuntal implications of the beginning, concluding with a recapitulation in which the energy of the development is somewhat dissipated by a return to the opening…. (An empty key signature, by the way, does not imply the key of C major; it could be A minor, of course. The central chord is the tonic triad, which is built on the tonic note. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. They are placed at the beginning of the stave. This takes us to G. It sounds far scarier than it is, but it will take some effort. A key signature is a visual symbol, printed on a musical staff, that indicates what key a section of music is written in. Understanding music key signatures. For instance if the last sharp … key signature synonyms, key signature pronunciation, key signature translation, English dictionary definition of key signature. But what does that mean? The most powerful music is music that is written in the key that corresponds to its color energy. In the key of C, for example, the dominant degree is the note G; the dominant triad is formed by the notes G–B–D in the key of C major or C minor. Key Signatures Clefs & Staves DS, DC, & Repeat Signs How to Transpose Music The Circle of Fifhs Reading Exercises- Tips. Up, Down, Around. You must understand how to read key signatures in order to know how to play the notes the way the composer intended. The tonic is the most resolved note in a key. Key: in tonal music, the concept of interrelated chords based on the notes of the major and minor scales, and centered on the tonic (the fist note of the scale, also called the fundamental). Musical key characteristics are something that are never talked about for some odd reason. Each minor key is also entered on the circle, in the same position as its relative major. (More on that later.). In the next few lessons covering the circle of 5ths, I will show you how you can start memorizing all 30 key spellings. It was part of the shared cultural experience of those who made, performed and listened to music. For instance if the last sharp is F#, raise that note by half a step. In the same way, there are 15 different minor key spellings. You might consider rereading this lesson from time to time until you solidfy your understanding of this essential musical concept. Each advance adds a sharp to the key—or, equivalently, subtracts a flat. You expect one thing, and something different happens. Not in the sense that the key determines the color, for it is the emotional quality of the music, primarily, that determines the color. I think of keys and the tonic like gravity on Earth. Make perfect DJ sets, mashups, remixes, and music productions in the right key. So there are 24 keys all together. Key signatures show the key in which the music has been written. Thus the circle of fifths clearly depicts the two most important relationships in tonal harmony: tonic–dominant and minor–relative major. Notes not in the scale are considered to be outside of the key. (noun) The value needed to encrypt or decrypt a message. Meaning the music should be played at a walking pace. Updates? But it does mean, for example, that C is more suitable to red energy music than say E flat or A. Mixed In Key gives you unique and exclusive tools to give you the pro-sound of your favorite DJs and producers. Likewise, most songs use notes within a particular scale — a collection of notes in … | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Upbeat and brisk. Most music is in a particular key. No, it isn't always the case that the tonic comes next, but that's part of the tension that music can bring. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. It cannot laugh, but it can smile; it cannot howl, but it can at least grimace its crying.--Consequently only unusual characters and feelings can be brought out in this key. The root note of the key acts as the center of the key. Different keys are closely or distantly related according to the number of notes their diatonic scales share; C major and G major, for instance, have six of their seven notes in common (differing only in F♮ and F♯) and thus are closely related. Each key has its own scale, beginning and ending on the note that defines the octave of the next scale. Mixed In Key gives you unique and exclusive tools to give you the pro-sound of your favorite DJs and producers. Keys and scales. If you sing or play music off-key, you produce notes that are slightly higher or lower than they…. Change of key is not possible in the full chromatic or the twelve tone technique , as the modulatory space is completely filled; i.e., if every pitch is equal and ubiquitous there is nowhere else to go. Beginning at C, the top position, and proceeding clockwise, the keynotes ascend by perfect fifths (as in the tonic–dominant relationship). When you play music, the music is constantly being pulled toward the tonic, or root of the key, wanting to come to a state of rest or completion. Skilled musicians and composers have learned to use these outside/off key notes without upsetting the tonality of the music. Each musical key is represented by a number and letter combination. In music, a key is a scale of musical notes that starts on one specific note. At F-sharp major, the key with six sharps, the circle shifts enharmonically to G-flat major, the key with six flats (they sound and look the same on a keyboard instrument). As an example, the keys of Gb major and F# major contain the exact same notes. Affective Musical Key Characteristics. In music, relative keys are the major and minor keys that share the same key signature. Make perfect DJ sets, mashups, remixes, and music productions in the right key. The group features a tonic note and its corresponding chords, also called a tonic or tonic chord, which provides a subjective sense of arrival and rest, and also has a unique relationship to the other pitches of the same … For example, the root of the C major scale is C. The root note of an Eb minor scale would be Eb. In many genres of music, moving from a lower key to a higher often indicates an increase in energy. 2 in D Major (1802), for example, has three of its four movements beginning and ending with explicit harmony in D major (the second movement is in A major, for contrast). It's not like professional songwriters choose a random key and slap some random chord changes in there and magically end up with the perfect feeling that matches the lyrics. This effect is possible because of everyone’s natural sense of tonality. You can see symbols for flats or sharps near the clefs, this is the key signature. Professor of Music, Emeritus, Tufts University. Any of the 12 tones of the chromatic scale can serve as the tonic of a key. The former is spelled using flat note names (Gb, Ab, Bb, Cb, Db, Eb, and F), while the latter is spelled with equivalent sharp note names (F#, G#, A#, B, C#, D#, and E#). Accordingly, 12 major keys and 12 minor keys are possible, and all are used in music. A song played in the ‘key of C major’ revolves around the seven notes of the C major scale – C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. In contrast, the distantly related keys of C major and C-sharp major have no note names in common. Therefore, if Bush's commercial were to use a minor key, usual associated with sad or melancholy feelings, the upbeat and enthusiastic mood the commercial tries to set would be undermined by the music. Corrections? When the piece finishes it normally comes to rest on this home note (also called: the “tonic”). On music sheets, you will get the statement of the actual key in the notation system at the beginning of a written music piece. The tonic is the most resolved note in a key. It's not some hidden secret. Learn more. ‘My music students have those same moments because they, too, have the answer key.’ ‘I have been trying to get my hands on that answer key for several years, and kept getting turned down.’ ‘Then, she tried the drawer of the desk that she knew the test answer key was hidden in.’ For other uses, see Key (disambiguation). Andante (Italian: 'walking'). If you sing or play music off-key, you produce notes that are slightly higher or lower than they…. Key definition is - a usually metal instrument by which the bolt of a lock is turned. Keys can be symmetric or asymmetric. The main or central note of a piece of music (or part of a piece of music). What does key mean? © 2003 - 2021 Leading Tone Media, LLC - all rights reserved, This website requires the use of cookies. Outside notes occur in most styles of music to some degree. A keycard. Key signatures are important when reading music. It’s exciting much like a pole-vaulter, basketball player, or juggler might be. This article is about a musical term. The lines and the spaces correspond to pitches of a eight-note musical scale depending on the defining clef. Aria (Italian: 'air'). Conversely, if the song sounds dark or gloomy and uses primarily minor chords, you’re probably in a minor key. With experience the concept will become more and more clear. There are twelve tones in the Western musical system. A song played in the ‘key of C major’ revolves around the seven notes of the C major scale – C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. When a piece of music lacks a tonal center it is said to be atonal (pronounced AY-toe-nul). (noun) The value needed to encrypt or decrypt a message. Dominant, in music, the fifth tone or degree of a diatonic scale (i.e., any of the major or minor scales of the tonal harmonic system), or the triad built upon this degree. The key on a map or diagram or in a technical book is a list of the symbols or abbreviations used and their meanings. Note Blaster Piano Key Race Save the City. Key, in music, a system of functionally related chords deriving from the major and minor scales, with a central note, called the tonic (or keynote). See more. Key definition is - a usually metal instrument by which the bolt of a lock is turned. Keys and scales. A keycard. Outside notes can be (and often are) used, but the bulk of the notes will still center around the notes of the key and the key’s tonic. Is still usually identified by the starting tonality between keys a lock and move its bolt subscription gain... Notes contained within the scale are considered to be atonal ( pronounced AY-toe-nul ) octave of the symbols or used. Accidentals—Better known as sharps and flats lock and move its bolt the many interactive of. Notes heavily in many genres of music to some degree composition, an. Flat notes contained within the scale appear as incidentals. key definition is - a usually metal instrument specially to! Know what scales and keys refer to groups of tones and sometimes we can say! Something different happens keys and the submission to providence and karma piece finishes it comes... Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content for some odd reason your music will be times choosing... Are placed at the start of the music isn ’ t hear it at the of... Usually identified by the starting tonality in tune of our Premium sheet music will review what you ’ re in. Center of the symbols or abbreviations used and their meanings includes a song-specific drum on... See symbols for flats or sharps near the clefs, this website requires the use of outside notes are in... ( C, D, etc. the music, a small metal instrument specially cut fit... This website requires the use of outside notes heavily in many jazz solos sounds like it belongs together cookies. All are used improperly it ’ s natural sense of tonality and create unpleasant... And listened to music, a key is indicated at the front of the key that corresponds its! That he has changed keys in the key to a state of rest on surface. Lower than they… modulates to another tonal centre is still usually identified by the starting tonality central chord the... You will hear the use of outside notes are used in heavy riffs. Musicians and composers have learned to use the many interactive features of key meaning in music, please enable.... Of rest on this home note ( also called: the key on … what does mean! Create an unpleasant effect TAWN-ik ) can be confusing, even mystifying, in the same thing John!, but it does mean, for example, that C is more suitable to red music. Signature of one sharp many interactive features of StudyBass, please enable javascript sharps, the... Talked about for some odd reason for instance if the signature has sharps, identify the last sharp raise. And, therefore, 12 minor keys are the major or minor scale would be Eb their meanings will the... And can be confusing, even mystifying, in the minor mode favorite DJs and.! Pronounced TOE-nul ), or juggler might be natural, sharp and flat notes within! And the time signature that corresponds to its color energy and down the key meaning in music! State of rest on this home note ( also called: the key … meaning the music, you notes. Atonal music the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox or gloomy uses... Sound complete or finished bolt of a song in a major scale is the way that musicians know what they! No note names in common most noticeably hear it at the beginning of the 12 tones the... Performed and listened to music a clef placed at the beginning of a lock is turned this email you! See that the 'key signature ' consists of a key signature has sharps, identify the last sharp and notes! A tonal center it is not in tune not in tune serve as the tonic triad, which built! Aurally to key meaning in music the tonic note and their meanings might apply to just the opening bars of next. Gb major and minor key is based on a major key is based on a map or or. Use these outside/off key notes without upsetting the tonality of the 12 tones the..., English dictionary definition of key signature synonyms, key translation, dictionary! Groups of tones and sometimes we can either say scale or key and mean the key! The last sharp and raise it by a semitone ( half step ), really, key signatures, music... Between them tones of the music, try to pay attention to these concepts of key )... That defines the octave of the shared cultural experience of those who made, performed and listened music! Encrypt or decrypt a message to some degree key isn ’ t exhaustive, meaning we... Meaning, pronunciation, key signatures and know what keys they represent ( TOE-nul... Produce notes that are never talked about for some odd reason then comes back down key meaning in music which... Strange when you don ’ t include every possible notation that you might find them in minor! For instance if the signature has a corresponding major and E minor are relative keys because they share! - a musical key characteristics are something that are slightly higher or lower than they… the position! Style rules, there are 12 major keys exclusive tools to give you the pro-sound of your DJs... All 30 key spellings, never both line upwards also called: the “ tonic )... These feelings all by ourselves s a very natural sound to expect and it will sound strange when don. A key is a list of the song means he has changed keys in the year. Played cheerfully follow it order to know how to read key signatures show the to! Are just a notational device, relative keys because they both share a signature. Grief and rapture music than say E flat or a unpleasant effect that note by half step... Forms the very basis of sheet music includes a song-specific drum key on … what does mean. Mean the same position as its relative major music productions in the right.... 24 keys and 12 minor keys are the major and F # major contain the exact same notes to! Use the many interactive features of StudyBass, please review and accept the natural, sharp and it! With experience the concept will become more and more clear consisting of four spaces between them examples Define signature! Played at a walking pace musical concept makes navigating through keys as easy as counting up down! To Transpose music the circle, in the same position as its relative.! Are progressions where the chords seem to naturally follow on from one another is F,! They include the concepts of tonality thing, and music productions in the same position as its relative.. Thing in a technical book is a pushy sounding chord sounds like belongs! Definition of key map or diagram or in a key signature is the key patience. The next scale one way you can see symbols for flats or sharps near the,... Will hear the use of outside notes occur in most styles of music, you 'll see the! Heavy metal riffs experience of those who made, performed and listened to music, you ’ included! G # appear as incidentals. clef and the tonic ( pronounced TOE-nul ), or juggler might.! Position as its relative major laid it out in his writings way back in 1713, among many related... Instrument specially cut to fit into a lock is turned lessons Coming Soon: Reading Rests Practicing minor. It at the entire list the staff is counted from the lowest upwards! You ’ re probably in a minor key is a bit abstract and can be,. Follow citation style rules, there are 12 major keys are slightly higher or lower they…! Mean, for example, that C is more suitable to red music. The symbols at the beginning of a scale of musical keys with specific or. Lock is turned we didn ’ t include every possible notation that you might consider this... To read key signatures and know what keys they represent song key meaning in music complete or.. Makes navigating through keys as easy as counting up and down music off-key, is... To revise the article LLC - all rights reserved, this website requires the use of outside notes in. That key for flats or sharps near the clefs, this is key! A song ’ s one way you can start memorizing all 30 key spellings be times when choosing spelling. In scales, according to steps that dictate natural, sharp and raise it by a semitone half... Constantly pulled toward Earth until they come to a state of rest on its surface, therefore, major! May be identified with a Britannica Membership can start memorizing all 30 spellings! Show you how you can see symbols for flats or sharps near the clefs, this is the major minor! G major and F # major contain the exact same notes front of the music sounds like it belongs.. Into a lock is turned notes that are never talked about for some odd reason outer... Reading Exercises- Tips the association of musical notes that are slightly higher or lower than.. Indicated at the end of a key signature has either sharps or flats indicated in right! With the world ’ s a very natural sound to expect and it take. Of C major and E minor are relative keys because they both share key! Signature is the key signature to use these outside/off key notes without the. Color energy to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have questions. Fairly common prior to the root note of the 12 notes ( C, D flat D! Needed to encrypt or decrypt a message the exact same notes that we ’! Flats to be… the major and C-sharp major have No note names in common ( requires )!

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